Nuclear Small Reactors as a Key Solution in the Net-Zero Transition

Abstract

The ongoing transformation of the energy sector, driven by the global push for decarbonization, technological advancements, and energy security, positions small modular reactors (SMRs) as a pivotal innovation in the portfolio of energy enterprises. This study explores SMRs as a key sustainable development direction for energy companies aiming to meet stringent environmental goals while addressing growing energy demands. Various types of fuel such as LEU (Low-Enriched Uranium), HALEU (High-Assay Low-Enriched Uranium), TRISTO (Tri-Structural Isotropic), Molten Salt Fuel and MOX (Mixed Oxide Fuel) were also analyzed in terms of their properties and possibilities of use in SMRs. The research incorporates secondary data to examine the economic, environmental, and strategic implications of adopting SMRs. Insights are drawn from global case studies and industry reports, highlighting the potential for SMRs to enhance operational efficiency, reduce costs, and support the transition to a low-carbon economy. The study also identifies key challenges, including regulatory barriers, public acceptance, and technological readiness, that must be addressed to fully realize the potential of SMRs. the findings underscore the critical role of SMRs in enabling energy enterprises to achieve sustainability while maintaining competitiveness in an evolving energy landscape. Companies like Rolls-Royce SMR, NuScale Power, Rosatom, General Electric Hitachi, and Kairos Power are pushing the boundaries of technology by investing heavily in research and development initiatives. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how SMRs can serve as a corner-stone of innovation and adaptability in the energy sector, paving the way for resilient and sustainable energy systems in the future.